Linux Essentials 2

What are the differences between hard disk drives and solid state disks? (Choose two.)

Hard disks have a motor and moving parts, solid state disks do not.
Hard disks can fail due to physical damage, while solid state disks cannot fail.
Solid state disks can store many times as much data as hard disk drives.
/dev/sda is a hard disk device while /dev/ssda is a solid state disk.
Solid state disks provide faster access to stored data than hard disks.

Reverse DNS assigns hostnames to IP addresses. How is the name of the IP address 198.51.100.165 stored on a DNS server?

In the A record for 165.100.51.198.ipv4.arpa.
In the PTR record for 165.100.51.198.in-addr.arpa.
In the RNAME record for 198-51-100-165.rev.arpa.
In the ARPA record for 165.100.51.198.rev.
In the REV record for arpa.in-addr.198.51.100.165.

What information can be displayed by top?

Existing files, ordered by their size.
Running processes, ordered by CPU or RAM consumption.
User accounts, ordered by the number of logins.
User groups, ordered by the number of members.
User accounts, ordered by the number of files.

Which of the following commands can be used to resolve a DNS name to an IP address?

dnsname
dns
query
host
iplookup

Which of the following outputs comes from the command free?

A. 21:04:15 up 14 days, 7:43, 3 users, load average: 0.89, 1.00, 0.99
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 34.04 0.03 13.88 1.06 0.00 50.99
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_ssd-root 25G 20G 3.6G 85% /
total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 16123128 12565680 2011624 412128 1545824 7180416

What is the UID of the user root?

1
-1
255
65536
0

What is true about the owner of a file?

Each file is owned by exactly one user and one group.
The owner of a file always has full permissions when accessing the file.
The user owning a file must be a member of the file’s group.
When a user is deleted, all files owned by the user disappear.
The owner of a file cannot be changed once it is assigned to an owner.

What information is stored in /etc/passwd? (Choose three.)

The user’s storage space limit
The numerical user ID
The username
The encrypted password
The user\s default shell

Which of the following tar options handle compression? (Choose two.)

-bz
-z
-g
-j
-z2

Which of the following keys can be pressed to exit less?

l
x
e
q
!

Which of the following commands sorts the output of the command export-logs?

export-logs < sort
export-logs > sort
export-logs & sort
export-logs | sort
export-logs <> sort

A directory contains the following files:
a.txt
b.txt
c.cav

What would be the output of the following shell script?
for file in *.txt
do
echo $file
done

*.txt
a b
c.cav
a.txt
a.txt b.txt

Which of the following commands will search for the file foo.txt under the directory /home?

search /home –file foo.txt
search /home foo. txt
find /home – file foo.txt
find /home –name foo.txt
find /home foo.txt

The current directory contains the following file:
-rw-r—r— 1 root exec 24551 Apr 2 12:36 test.sh
The file contains a valid shell script, but executing this file using ./test.sh leads to this error:
bash: ./test.sh: Permission denied
What should be done in order to successfully execute the script?

The file’s extension should be changed from .sh to .bin.
The execute bit should be set in the file’s permissions.
The user executing the script should be added to the exec group.
The SetUID bit should be set in the file’s permissions
The script should be run using #!./test. sh instead of ./test.sh.

What is a Linux distribution?

The Linux file system as seen from the root account after mounting all file systems.
A bundling of the Linux kernel, system utilities and other software.
The set of rules which governs the distribution of Linux kernel source code.
An operating system based on Linux but incompatible to the regular Linux kernel.
A set of changes to Linux which enable Linux to run on another processor architecture.

Which package management tool is used in Red Hat-based Linux Systems?

portage
rpm
apt-get
dpkg
packagectl

Why are web browser cookies considered dangerous?

Cookies support identification and tracking of users.
Cookies are always public and accessible to anyone on the internet.
Cookies consume significant amounts of storage and can exhaust disk space.
Cookies store critical data which is lost when a cookie is deleted.
Cookies can contain and execute viruses and malware.

Which of the following are typical services offered by public cloud providers? (Choose three.)

Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
Internet as a Service(IaaS)
Graphics as a Service (GaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)

Which of the following characters in a shell prompt indicates the shell is running with root privileges?

!
#
*
&
$

What is true about a recursive directory listing?

It includes the content of sub-directories.
It includes the permissions of the directory listed.
It includes details of file system internals, such as inodes.
It includes ownership information for the files.
It includes a preview of content for each file in the directory.

Which of the following directories contains information, documentation and example configuration files for installed software packages?

/usr/share/doc/
/etc/defaults/
/var/info/
/doc/
/usr/examples/

Which of the following commands adds the directory /new/dir/ to the PATH environment variable?

$PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
PATH=/new/dir: PATH
export PATH=/new/dir: PATH
export $PATH=/new/dir: $PATH
export PATH=/new/dir: $PATH

A user is currently in the directory /home/user/Downloads/ and runs the command
ls ../Documents/
Assuming it exists, which directory’s content is displayed?

/home/user/Documents/
/home/user/Documents/Downloads/
/home/user/Downloads/Documents/
/Documents/
/home/Documents

Which of the following is a protocol used for automatic IP address configuration?

NFS
LDAP
SMTP
DNS
DHCP

Which of the following devices represents a hard disk partition?

/dev/ttyS0
/dev/sata0
/dev/part0
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda/p2

What can be found in the /proc/ directory?

One directory per installed program.
One device file per hardware device.
One file per existing user account.
One directory per running process.
One log file per running service.

A new server needs to be installed to host services for a period of several years. Throughout this time, the server should receive important security updates from its
Linux distribution.
Which of the following Linux distributions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Ubuntu Linux LTS
Fedora Linux
Debian GNU/Linux Unstable
Ubuntu Linux non-LTS
Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?

/opt
/lib
/etc
/var
/usr

The ownership of the file doku.odt should be changed. The new owner is named tux. Which command accomplishes this change?

chmod u=tux doku.odt
newuser doku.odt tux
chown tux doku.odt
transfer tux: doku.odt
passwd doku.odt:tux

What happens to a file residing outside the home directory when the file owner’s account is deleted? (Choose two.)

During a file system check, the file is moved to /lost +found.
The file is removed from the file system.
The UID of the former owner is shown when listing the file's details.
The user root is set as the new owner of the file.
Ownership and permissions of the file remain unchanged.

What is true about links in a Linux file system?

A symbolic link can only point to a file and not to a directory.
A hard link can only point to a directory and never to a file.
When the target of the symbolic link is moved, the link is automatically updated.
A symbolic link can point to a file on another file system.
Only the root user can create hard links.

Which files are the source of the information in the following output? (Choose two.)
uid=1000 (bob) gid=1000 (bob) groups=1000 (bob), 10 (wheel), 150 (wireshark), 989 (docker), 1001 (libvirt)

/etc/id
/etc/passwd
/etc/group
/home/index
/var/db/users

Which of the following tasks can the command passwd accomplish? (Choose two.)

Change a user's username.
Change a user's password.
Create a new user account.
Create a new user group.
Lock a user account.

Which command displays file names only and no additional information?

ls -a
ls -lh
ls -l
ls -alh
ls -nl

Which of the following commands puts the lines of the file data.csv into alphabetical order?

a..z data.csv
sort data.csv
abc data.csv
wc -s data.csv
grep –sort data.csv

Which of the following examples shows the general structure of a for loop in a shell script?

for *.txt as file => echo $file
for *.txt ( echo $i )
for file in *.txt do echo $i done
for ls *.txt exec {} \;
foreach @{file} { echo $i }

What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?

1
0
-1
-255
255

Which of the following statements are true regarding a typical shell script? (Choose two.)

It has the executable permission bit set.
It starts with the two character sequence #!.
It is located in /usr/local/scripts/.
It is located in /etc/bash/scripts/.
It is compiled into a binary file compatible with the current machine architecture.

Which of the following commands extracts the contents of the compressed archive file1.tar.gz?

tar -czf file1.tar.gz
ztar file1.tar.gz
tar -xzf file1.tar.gz
tar –extract file1.tar.gz
detar file1.tar.gz

Which of the following commands finds all lines in the file operating-systems.txt which contain the term linux, regardless of the case?

igrep linux operating-systems.txt
less -i linux operating-systems.txt
grep -i linux operating-systems.txt
cut linux operating-systems.txt
cut [Ll] [Ii] [Nn] [Uu] [Xx] operating-systems.txt

Which of the following programs are web servers? (Choose two.)

Apache HTTPD
Postfix
Curl
Dovecot
NGINX

Which of the following Linux Distributions is derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

Raspbian
openSUSE
Debian
Ubuntu
CentOS

What are the differences between a private web browser window and a regular web browser window? (Choose three.)

Private web browser windows do not allow printing or storing websites.
Private web browser windows do not store cookies persistently.
Private web browser windows do not support logins into websites.
Private web browser windows do not keep records in the browser history.
Private web browser windows do not send regular stored cookies.

What is the preferred source for the installation of new applications in a Linux based operating system?

The vendor's version management system
A CD-ROM disk
The distribution's package repository
The vendor's website
A retail store

Which of the following types of bus can connect hard disk drives with the motherboard?

The RAM bus
The NUMA bus
The CPU bus
The SATA bus
The Auto bus

Members of a team already have experience using Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For a small hobby project, the team wants to set up a Linux server without paying for a subscription. Which of the following Linux distributions allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible?

Ubuntu Linux LTS
Raspbian
Debian GNU/Linux
CentOS
openSUSE

What is true about the dmesg command? (Choose two correct answers.)

It traces the execution of a command and shows each step the program carries out.
It sends messages to the command lines of all current user sessions.
It displays the content of the Linux kernel’s ring buffer.
It immediately outputs all new messages written to the system journal.
It might not display older information because it was overwritten by newer information.

Which of the following outputs could stem from the command last?

1 ls 2 cat text.txt 3 logout
Password for user last changed at Sat Mar 31 16:38:57 EST 2018
Last login: Fri Mar 23 10:56:39 2018 from server.example.com
EXT4-fs (dm-7): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
root tty2 Wed May 17 21:11 – 21:11 (00:00)

Which permissions are set on a regular file once the permissions have been modified with the command chmod 654 file.txt?

drw-r-xr–
d—wxr-x–
–wxr-x–x
–rwxrw—x
-rw-r-xr–

Which of the following permissions are set on the /tmp/ directory?

rwxrwxrwt
——rwX
rwSrw-rw
r-xr-X–t
rwxrwS—

Which command adds the new user tux and creates the user’s home directory with default configuration files?

defaultuser tux
useradd –m tux
usercreate tux
useradd –o default tux
passwd –a tux

FILL BLANK
What keyword is used in a shell script to begin a loop? (Specify one keyword only, without any additional information.)

for

Which of the following commands creates an archive file work.tar from the contents of the directory ./work/?

tar –new work.tar ./work/
tar –cf work.tar ./work/
tar –create work.tgz –content ./work/
tar work.tar < ./work/
tar work > work.tar

The current directory contains the following file:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 859688 Feb 7 08:15 test.sh

Given that the file is a valid shell script, how can this script be executed? (Choose two correct answers.)

run test.sh
${test.sh}
cmd ./test.sh
./test.sh
bash test.sh

Which of the following programs is a graphical editor for vector graphics?

Python
NGINXC. Samba
Inkscape
MySQL

Where is the operating system of a Raspberry Pi stored?

On the master device attached to the Raspberry Pi’s IDE bus.
On a read only partition on the Raspberry Pi’s firmware, next to the BIOS.
On a removable SD card which is put into the Raspberry Pi.
On a Linux extension module connected to the Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pins.
On rewritable flash storage which is built into the Raspberry Pi.

What is defined by a Free Software license?

Details of the technical documentation each contributor has to provide.
The programming languages which may be used to extend the licensed program.
A complete list of libraries required to compile the licensed software.
Limits on the purposes for which the licensed software may be used.
Conditions for modifying and distributing the licensed software.

Which of the following commands are used to get information on the proper use of ls? (Choose two correct answers.)

option ls
usage ls
manual ls
man ls
info ls

Running the command rm Downloads leads to the following error:

rm: cannot remove ‘Downloads/’: Is a directory

Which of the following commands can be used instead to remove Downloads, assuming Downloads is empty? (Choose two correct answers.)

undir Downloads
rmdir Downloads
dir –r Downloads
rem Downloads
rm –r Downloads

A directory contains the following three files:

texts 1.txt
texts 2.txt
texts 3.csv

Which command copies the two files ending in .txt to the /tmp/ directory?

cp ??.txt /tmp/
cp *.txt /tmp/
cp. \.txt /tmp/
cp ?.txt /tmp/
cp $?.txt /tmp/

FILL BLANK
When typing a long command line at the shell, what single character can be used to split a command across multiple lines?

\

Linux Essentials 2

Linux Essentials 2

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